Which countries are the largest sources of fentanyl precursor chemicals?

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China remains the largest source of precursor chemicals and equipment used to manufacture illicit fentanyl, according to the 2025 International Narcotics Control Strategy Report. Chinese companies supply the Sinaloa Cartel and Cartel Jalisco Nueva Generación in Mexico, which produce the fentanyl flooding U.S. markets. In October 2024, the Justice Department indicted eight China-based chemical companies and eight employees for trafficking precursors. Financial intelligence identified $1.4 billion in suspicious fentanyl-related transactions in 2024, with China and Mexico listed as the top foreign countries. China added some chemicals to controlled lists in August 2024, and in February 2024 U.S. and Chinese officials committed to continued cooperation—but enforcement remains weak, and Mexican customs struggles to detect illicit chemical shipments.

Which countries are the largest sources of fentanyl precursor chemicals?

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