Trump and EU reach 15% tariff compromise after threatening 50% duties

On May 23, 2025, President Donald Trump announced on Truth Social that he would recommend a straight 50 percent tariff on the European Union starting June 1, accusing the bloc of being "very difficult to deal with" and claiming trade negotiations were "going nowhere." (Sources: CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/23/trump-recommends-50percent-tariff-on-european-union-starting-june-1.html, TIME https://time.com/7288483/trump-european-union-tariff-threat-trade-war-concerns/)

On May 25, 2025, Trump spoke by phone with European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen and agreed to delay the 50 percent tariff deadline from June 1 to July 9, keeping the existing 10 percent rate while negotiations continue. Von der Leyen said she held a "good call" with Trump and that "Europe is ready to advance talks swiftly and decisively." (Sources: PBS NewsHour https://www.pbs.org/newshour/economy/u-s-delays-threatened-50-tariff-on-the-european-union-until-july-trump-says, NPR https://www.npr.org/2025/05/25/nx-s1-5411824/trump-delay-tariffs-european-union)

The pan-European STOXX 600 index jumped 1 percent on May 26, 2025, following Trump's tariff delay announcement, with European auto stocks rebounding 1.7 percent after falling 3 percent the previous session. The French CAC 40 added 1.2 percent and Germany's DAX surged 1.6 percent higher. (Sources: CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/26/european-stock-markets-share-prices-dax-cac-40-ftse-100-stoxx-600-trump-tariffs-eu-50.html, Euronews https://www.euronews.com/business/2025/05/26/european-stock-markets-set-to-rebound-as-trump-delays-50-tariffs-on-the-eu-to-9-july)

The tariff threat covers approximately $600 billion in annual EU exports to the United States. If implemented, the 40 percentage-point increase from 10 percent to 50 percent could generate an additional $240 billion in tariff revenue while dramatically raising prices for American consumers and businesses. (Source: Council on Foreign Relations https://www.cfr.org/articles/guide-trumps-section-232-tariffs-nine-maps)

Commerce Secretary Howard Lutnick and Trade Representative JGJamieson Greer met with EU Trade Commissioner Maros Šefčovič to discuss reducing the U.S. trade deficit through increased European purchases of American liquefied natural gas (LNG) and agricultural products. The EU currently buys 45 percent of its LNG imports from the United States. (Sources: CNN https://www.cnn.com/2025/05/01/business/european-union-trade-deal-trump-tariffs, AllSides https://www.allsides.com/story/trade-us-and-eu-officials-talk-trade-tariffs-and-digital-policy-brussels)

Trump invoked Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 to threaten these tariffs, claiming national security grounds. This same authority allowed Trump to impose 25 percent tariffs on automobiles and auto parts effective April 3, 2025, though the U.S. and EU negotiated a reduced 15 percent total tariff on most EU auto imports. (Sources: Congress.gov https://www.congress.gov/crs-product/R48549, Davis Wright Tremaine https://www.dwt.com/insights/2025/11/current-status-of-trump-section-232-tariffs)

European auto stocks are particularly vulnerable to tariff threats because vehicles and machinery represent the EU's biggest export category to the United States. Trump previously threatened a 200 percent tariff on European wine, Champagne, and spirits if the EU implemented its planned 50 percent tariff on American whiskey. (Sources: CNBC https://www.cnbc.com/2025/05/26/european-stock-markets-share-prices-dax-cac-40-ftse-100-stoxx-600-trump-tariffs-eu-50.html, CFR https://www.cfr.org/articles/guide-trumps-section-232-tariffs-nine-maps)

The July 9 deadline creates pressure for both sides to finalize negotiations on a comprehensive trade package covering tariff reductions, LNG purchases, agricultural market access, and digital policy rules. If talks fail, Trump can immediately implement the 50 percent tariff without Congressional approval. (Sources: France 24 https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20250525-eu-chief-us-trade-trump, Bloomberg https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-05-25/trump-extends-deadline-for-50-tariffs-on-eu-to-july-9)