Federal employees who receive adverse actions have how many days to file an appeal with the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB)?

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Federal employees must file MSPB appeals within 30 calendar days of the adverse action's effective date or the agency's decision date, whichever is later. Missing this deadline can forfeit appeal rights unless good cause for delay. For the fourteen FEMA employees, this timeline creates critical questions: Does the clock start from the original August 2025 suspension, or from the December 1, 2025 re-suspension? If DHS argues the reinstatement was "void ab initio," employees might be required to appeal the original August action—but that 30-day window has long passed.

Federal employees who receive adverse actions have how many days to file an appeal with the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB)?

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