Congress passed the National Security Act on July 26, 1947, merging the Department of War (established 1789), the Department of the Navy, and the newly created Department of the Air Force into the National Military Establishment. On August 10, 1949, Congress amended that act to rename the National Military Establishment the Department of Defense. Why did lawmakers choose “Defense” over retaining “War,” and what strategic and political priorities did this change reflect?
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